e-Invoicing in Romania
Romania transposed EU Directive 2014/55 into its own legislation on 8 September 2020 through Law № 199/2020. eInvoicing has been brought under a provision in Romania with the implementation rules approved by the Fiscal Law and Law № 227/2015 in effect as of January 1, 2016. With the Government Regulation № 120/2021, the basis and operational framework of the National eInvoicing System was established. With the Regulation № 130, the details about the eInvoice regime have been clarified.
The key institution in the eInvoicing process in Romania are Ministry of Finance and ANAF. It is also possible to access the legislation and technical information regarding the eInvoicing process from the Ministry of Finance’s web page.
Important Dates in Romania eInvoicing Process
Since January 1, eInvoice has become mandatory for large taxpayers/companies. B2B taxpayers supplying products with high financial risk is obliged to issue eInvoices through the Romania eInvoice System (RO eFactura) as of July 1, 2022. For medium and small companies, eFactura will be mandatory in 2023 and 2025, respectively.
These products were determined by ANAF (Agenției Naționale de Administrare Fiscală — National Agency of Fiscal Administration) in their published draft list.
Structure of Romanian eInvoice
There are two ways to create a Romanian eInvoice:
1. logincert.anaf.ro — IdP (Identity Provider) service that facilitates obtaining access tokens used to authorize access to API services. To achieve this, the user must be authenticated using qualified digital certificates.
2. api.anaf.ro — protected service that exposes APIs that require authorized access based on access tokens.
The scheme according to which the solution works is presented in the following figure:
In order to use the solution, it is necessary to be a registered user of the ANAF portal with a qualified digital certificate holding one of the SPV PJ rights (legal representative, appointed representative or authorized representative).
With third party application user is redirected to IdP, logincert.anaf.ro to get authentication and authorization token. Authentication is done using the qualified digital certificate of the user registered in the ANAF portal.
The API Registration link is accessed using the registration tab for developers on anaf.ro. If the user does not have an account in the ANAF Portal, he creates an account in the portal. After the necessary verification processes, access to the SPV (Virtual Private System) area in the ANAF portal is provided. There are two services offered on the portal:
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Web services for eInvoice
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Web services for eTransport
The ANAF portal also offers a production and test environment for eInvoice and eTransport.
System Structure of Romania eFactura Flow
Romania eInvoice structure is in EU standards. In this context, UBL, CII or RASP appear as invoice parameters. Invoices in XML format are uploaded to the RO eInvoice system via web services ANAF. If the invoice has been uploaded correctly, we can download the reply consisting of the original invoice and an e-signed file from the Ministry of Finance. In this case, the invoice is presented to the buyer. The company that receives the notification receives an email notifying them that they have a new document on the Business@Mail platform and a link to access it. Recipients access the web environment through the link where they can view and download the document(s). Thus, the sender completes traceability that lets the recipient know if he or she has taken any action on the document.
Melasoft eInvoice Solution to Romania
Melasoft eInvoice Solution to Romania provides to customers in two ways inbound invoices and outbound invoice.
The invoice created by the supplier/customer is sent to the cloud system via integrators. The invoice sent to ANAF portal is sent to the Melasoft Inbound cockpit via the integrator. After the invoice received in the Melasoft cockpit is approved, it is registered in the system.
Invoices created in the SAP system are mapped and converted into XML/UBL format. After invoices have been approved in the Melasoft Outbound Cockpit and the necessary checks have been carried out in the ANAF portal, they are forwarded to the e-invoice recipient.